SACREDNESS, SOCIAL COHESION, AND RELIGIOUS HARMONY: PUNDEN NYAI PANDAN SARI AS A SYMBOLIC ECOLOGICAL SPACE AMID INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION IN MOJOKERTO
Keywords:
local mythology, sacred space, ecological resistance, symbolic ecology, local wisdom, industrial expansionAbstract
This study examines Punden Nyai Pandan Sari in Unengan Hamlet, Sekargadung Village, Mojokerto Regency, as a sacred space that mediates ecological ethics amid industrial expansion. Drawing on symbolic ecology, sacred natural site studies, and lived religion, the study addresses the gap between research on industrial ecology, sacred natural sites, and lived religion by asking how local sacredness shapes social cohesion, religious harmony, and symbolic ecological resistance. Using a qualitative case study with environmental ethnography, data were collected over two months of fieldwork, participatory observation, documentation, and ten semi-structured interviews with the punden custodian, village figures, a religious leader, residents, youth, and pilgrims, and were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings show that oral traditions about Nyai Pandan Sari, Punden Kemloko as the “vehicle” symbol, Snake Cave narratives, pilgrimage, tahlil, tawasul, and unwritten prohibitions construct the punden as a symbolic ecological space. Its sacredness governs everyday behavior by encouraging visitors and residents to maintain cleanliness, respect the trees, avoid damaging the area, and follow visiting etiquette. Rather than producing direct opposition to industry, the punden supports non-confrontational ecological resistance through care, memory, ritual, and collective participation. The study contributes to religious harmony and environmental studies by showing that local wisdom can transform sacred space into a moral-cultural boundary that links humans, God, ancestors, community, and nature. It suggests that village-based governance should recognize such spaces as cultural and ecological assets while avoiding excessive claims beyond ethnographic evidence for communities experiencing rapid spatial and socio-economic transformation in industrial villages today.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji Punden Nyai Pandan Sari di Dusun Unengan, Desa Sekargadung, Kabupaten Mojokerto, sebagai ruang sakral yang memediasi etika ekologi di tengah ekspansi industri. Mengacu pada ekologi simbolik, studi situs alam suci, dan agama hidup, studi ini membahas kesenjangan antara penelitian tentang ekologi industri, situs alam suci, dan agama hidup dengan menanyakan bagaimana kesakralan lokal membentuk kohesi sosial, harmoni beragama, dan perlawanan ekologis simbolis. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus kualitatif dengan etnografi lingkungan, data dikumpulkan selama dua bulan kerja lapangan melalui observasi partisipatif, dokumentasi, dan sepuluh wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan penjaga punden, tokoh desa, tokoh agama, warga, pemuda, dan peziarah, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tradisi lisan tentang Nyai Pandan Sari, Punden Kemloko sebagai simbol "kendaraan", narasi Gua Ular, ziarah, tahlil, tawasul, serta larangan tidak tertulis untuk membangun punden sebagai ruang ekologis simbolis. Kesakralannya mengatur perilaku sehari-hari dengan mendorong pengunjung dan penduduk untuk menjaga kebersihan, menghormati pepohonan, menghindari kerusakan area, serta mematuhi etika kunjungan. Alih-alih menghasilkan oposisi langsung terhadap industri, pakar mendukung perlawanan ekologis non-konfrontatif melalui perawatan, ingatan, ritual, dan partisipasi kolektif. Studi ini berkontribusi pada keharmonisan agama dan studi lingkungan dengan menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal dapat mengubah ruang suci menjadi batas moral-budaya yang menghubungkan manusia, Tuhan, leluhur, komunitas, dan alam. Ini menyarankan bahwa tata kelola berbasis desa harus mengakui ruang tersebut sebagai aset budaya dan ekologis, sambil menghindari klaim berlebihan di luar bukti etnografi, bagi masyarakat yang mengalami transformasi spasial dan sosial-ekonomi yang cepat di desa-desa industri saat ini.
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